Adjective guide 7 minutes

Indefinite adjectives: algún, ningún, cada, and more

Talk about some, any, no, each, and several with algún, ningún, cada, varios, cierto, and otro, including the double negative.

Start with meaning

Words for some, any, no, each, and several

Indefinite adjectives refer to people or things without identifying which ones. Unlike most Spanish adjectives, they go before the noun, and most of them agree in gender and number.

FormsMeaningExample
algún, alguna, algunos, algunassome, any¿Tienes alguna pregunta?
ningún, ningunano, not a singleNo tengo ningún plan.
cadaeach, everyCada casa tiene jardín.
varios, variasseveralLeí varias novelas.
cierto, cierta, ciertos, ciertasa certainCierta gente no escucha.
otro, otra, otros, otrasanother, otherQuiero otro café.
mucho, poco, demasiadoa lot of, little, too muchHay demasiada gente.

Cada never changes form and takes a singular noun, except after a number: cada dos días. Varios only exists in the plural.

Algún and ningún

Short before the noun, full on their own

Before a masculine singular noun, alguno and ninguno drop the final -o and gain a written accent: algún día, ningún problema. When they replace the noun, use the full form.

Before a noun

¿Tienes algún libro de cocina?

Replacing the noun

Sí, tengo algunos. · No, no tengo ninguno.

Negatives

Ningún after the verb needs no before it

Spanish uses a double negative that English avoids. If ningún comes after the verb, put no in front of the verb: No hay ningún problema. If it opens the sentence, leave no out: Ningún alumno llegó tarde.

Ninguno is almost always singular, even where English uses a plural: “I don't have any questions” is No tengo ninguna pregunta. The plural appears only with nouns that are always plural, such as ningunas ganas.

English “any” has several Spanish translations

In questions, “any” is algún: ¿Hay alguna farmacia cerca? In negative statements, it becomes ningún: No hay ninguna farmacia cerca. When it means “any one at all,” use cualquier: Cualquier farmacia sirve. With plurals and uncountable nouns, Spanish usually leaves it out: ¿Tienes preguntas? ¿Hay leche?

Common friction

Otro never follows un

“Another” is just otro

English “another” contains “an,” which tempts learners into un otro. Spanish says otro libro and otra vez.

“A certain” is usually just cierto

Cierto día means “one day” or “a certain day.” You will also see un cierto, as in una cierta edad, and both are correct. After the noun, cierto means “true”: una historia cierta.

The verb connection

Ningún … que and algún … que can trigger the subjunctive

When you describe something that does not exist, or that you are not sure exists, the verb in the description goes into the subjunctive.

Exists: indicative

Hay un restaurante que está abierto.

Does not exist: subjunctive

No hay ningún restaurante que esté abierto.

Recall checkpoint

Make each form before you reveal it

Try before revealing

¿Tienes ___ pregunta?

Say or form the answer before you check it.

Try before revealing

No hay ___ problema.

Say or form the answer before you check it.

Try before revealing

___ alumno sabía la respuesta. (not a single)

Say or form the answer before you check it.

Try before revealing

¿Me das ___ café, por favor? (another)

Say or form the answer before you check it.

Try before revealing

Me quedan ___ páginas por leer. (several)

Say or form the answer before you check it.

Try before revealing

No hay ningún hotel que ___ libre. (estar)

Say or form the answer before you check it.

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