Adjective guide 8 minutes

Comparatives and superlatives

Compare people and things with más, menos, and tan, form superlatives with el más, and use mejor, peor, mayor, menor, and -ísimo correctly.

More and less

Use más or menos, then que

English has two ways to compare: “taller” and “more interesting.” Spanish has one. Put más or menos before the adjective, adverb, or noun, and introduce the second part with que.

English

My sister is taller than me.

“-er” builds the comparison into the adjective.

Spanish

Mi hermana es más alta que yo.

alta still agrees with hermana, and the pronoun after que is yo, not mí.

  • Este libro es menos interesante que el otro.
  • Tengo más trabajo que antes.
  • Ahora vivimos más cerca que antes.

Más de before a number

When the comparison is with a quantity, use de, not que: Había más de cien personas. Cuesta menos de diez euros. One exception: in a negative sentence, no … más que means “only”: No tengo más que diez euros.

As … as

Use tan with qualities and tanto with amounts

Both patterns finish with como. The difference is what comes in the middle.

PatternExample
tan + adjective / adverb + comoLuis es tan simpático como su padre.
tanto / tanta / tantos / tantas + noun + comoTengo tanta paciencia como tú.
verb + tanto comoElla trabaja tanto como yo.

Tanto agrees with the noun that follows: tantos libros, tantas preguntas. After a verb, it stays tanto. Used on its own as a pronoun, it agrees with the noun it replaces: Tengo tantas como tú.

Tan … que is not a comparison

tan … que means “so … that” and describes a result: Estaba tan cansado que me dormí en el sofá. For “as … as,” you always need como.

The most and the least

Build a superlative with the article, the noun, and más

The pattern is el / la / los / las + noun + más / menos + adjective + de. The noun sits between the article and más.

  • Es el edificio más alto de la ciudad. (the tallest building in the city)
  • Son las calles menos ruidosas del barrio. (the least noisy streets in the neighbourhood)
  • Fue el momento más feliz de mi vida.

“In” is de after a superlative

English says “the best in the class.” Spanish uses de: la mejor estudiante de la clase. You will hear en too, but de is the standard choice.

Irregular forms

Mejor, peor, mayor, and menor replace más

Mejor and peor already contain the comparison, so “más mejor” and “más peor” are always wrong. Each form has a plural in -es. For age, más joven is as common as menor, and más mayor (more grown up) is accepted, especially in Spain.

AdjectiveComparativeExample
bueno · goodmejor · betterEs la mejor película del año.
malo · badpeor · worseFue el peor viaje de mi vida.
viejo · old (people)mayor · olderMi hermano mayor vive en Lima.
joven · youngmenor · youngerSoy la menor de la familia.

Size uses más grande

For physical size, say más grande and más pequeño: mi casa es más grande que la tuya. Mayor and menor refer to age or to degree: la mayor parte, un problema menor.

Mejor and peor go before the noun

Say el mejor teléfono and la peor idea. For age, mayor and menor follow it: mi hermana mayor. In the sense of degree, they come first: la mayor parte.

Very, very

Add -ísimo to say “extremely”

The absolute superlative intensifies an adjective without comparing it to anything. Drop a final vowel, add -ísimo, and make it agree: una película buenísima, unos días larguísimos.

Adjective-ísimo formWhat changes
cansadocansadísimoDrop -o.
fácilfacilísimoAdd to the consonant. The accent moves to -ísimo.
difícildificilísimoSame as fácil.
ricoriquísimoc becomes qu to keep the hard sound.
largolarguísimog becomes gu.
felizfelicísimoz becomes c.

A few superlatives are inherited from Latin: pésimo (dreadful), óptimo (optimal), máximo, and mínimo. All four are everyday words, alongside malísimo and buenísimo.

The verb connection

Comparing then and now

Comparisons with the past usually describe how things used to be, so they take the imperfect: Antes era más tímido que ahora. La ciudad tenía menos tráfico. If you hesitate over era or tenía, the imperfect lesson below practises exactly that.

Recall checkpoint

Make each form before you reveal it

Try before revealing

Mi hermano nació dos años antes que yo. Es ___ que yo.

Say or form the answer before you check it.

Try before revealing

La segunda película es ___ que la primera. (malo)

Say or form the answer before you check it.

Try before revealing

Tengo ___ paciencia como tú.

Say or form the answer before you check it.

Try before revealing

Es el restaurante más caro ___ la ciudad.

Say or form the answer before you check it.

Try before revealing

Vinieron más ___ cincuenta personas.

Say or form the answer before you check it.

Try before revealing

¡La sopa está ___! (rico, extremely)

Say or form the answer before you check it.

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B1–B2 7-minute lesson

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Understand how Spanish separates background from completed events, then practise forming both past tenses accurately.

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